| Term | Acronym | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 8D Problem Solving Process | “Eight Disciplines” is a methodology used to approach and resolve problems through team synergy. | |
| Action Item | A documented event, task, activity, or action that needs to take place. Action items also track investigations, root-cause analyses, and resolutions. | |
| Alert | Signals job constraints, such as liens, or part or tool delays. | |
| As-Built | Instructions that reflect shop floor changes made during manufacturing that can be different from the original design. | |
| AOG | Aircraft on Ground | A term used in aviation to indicate that an issue is severe enough that an aircraft has to be prevented from flying until it is again approved for flight. |
| As-Designed | Data that depicts the original plan for the manufacturing of a unit. | |
| As-Maintained | Supports the current configuration of a unit. | |
| AS9100 | Unified quality standard for the aerospace industry. | |
| ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers | Promotes collaboration, knowledge sharing, career enrichment, and skills development across all engineering disciplines. |
| Audit Requirement | An obligation that must be met during an audit. An audit’s purpose is to test, validate and confirm that policies are being followed. | |
| Audit Trail | The complete step-by-step history of a manufacturing process from the initiation to the completion of a product. | |
| Authoring | To create content. | |
| BOM | Bill of Materials | The list of materials, sub-assemblies, components, parts, and the quantities of each needed to manufacture a product. |
| BIS | Business Integration Services | A professional service offered by iBASEt to integrate disparate systems, applications, or processes. |
| Buyoff Point | Occurrence in the online instructions that require an electronic stamp of completion or approval. | |
| Buyoff Signature | Electronic stamp of completion or approval online. | |
| CAD | Computer-Aided Design | Software used to create physical, 3D designs. |
| CAPA | Corrective and Preventive Actions | Improvements to an organization’s processes to eliminate nonconformances. It focuses on the systematic investigation of the root cause of a nonconformance to prevent its recurrence and occurrence. |
| Change Control | The formal process used to ensure alterations to a product or system is introduced in a coordinated manner with minimal disruptions. | |
| Change History | The complete history for each changed object in every work-plan revision and work-order alteration. | |
| Change Management | Process of creating, reviewing, and gaining approval for engineering change requests. | |
| Closed-Loop Process | An integrated information flow that determines and eliminates the root cause of a problem to prevent its recurrence. | |
| Conformance | An affirmative indication or judgment that a product meets the requirements of relevant specifications, contract, or regulation. | |
| Container | A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies, so the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another. | |
| Corrective Action | An action that is taken to eliminate the root cause and symptom of an existing deviation or non-conformity to prevent a recurrence. | |
| COPQ | Cost of Poor Quality | The cost of poor quality or poor quality costs, are costs that would disappear if systems, processes, and products were perfect. |
| Cost of Quality | The most widely accepted method for measuring and classifying quality costs is the prevention, appraisal, and failure (PAF) model which divides quality costs into four categories: prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure. The PAF model is a combination of ideas developed in the 1950s by multiple quality gurus including Juran [1] and Feigenbaum. [2] Their concepts emphasized that it is better to have more upfront preventive investment in quality management to minimize the costs of quality failures later in the product lifecycle. Reference resource: Quality Gains Without the Pains |
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| Cycle Time | The period required to complete an operation, function, job, or task from start to finish. | |
| Defect | A departure from a quality characteristic that causes a product not to meet requirements. | |
| DHR | Device History Record | A collection of records containing the production history for medical devices, including data for each batch, lot, and unit produced. This is a requirement by the FDA for Class III medical devices and is met by iBASEt’s Unit Work History report. |
| Digital Manufacturing | The application of digital technologies to the manufacturing value chain to digitally thread systems and processes from design to sourcing, production, and sustainment of the product for higher levels of visibility, efficiency, quality, and customer service. Reference resource: Building a Foundation for Digital Manufacturing |
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| Digital Thread | A communication framework that allows a connected data flow and integrated view of the asset’s data throughout its lifecycle across traditionally siloed functional perspectives. The digital thread concept raises the bar for delivering “the right information to the right place at the right time”. Reference resource: What is the Digital Thread? |
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| Digital Twin | A digital model of a particular asset that includes design specifications and engineering models describing its geometry, materials, components, and behavior, but more importantly it also includes the as-built and operational data unique to the specific physical asset which it represents. For example, for an aircraft, the digital twin would be identified to the physical product unit identifier which is referred to as the tail number. The data in the digital twin of an aircraft includes things like tail number specific geometry extracted from aircraft 3D models, aerodynamic models, engineering changes cut in during the production cycle, material properties, inspection, operation and maintenance data, aerodynamic models, and any deviations from the original design specifications approved due to issues and workarounds on the specific product unit. Reference resource: Demystifying the Digital Thread and Digital Twin Concepts |
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| Discrepancy | Deviation in any quality characteristic that is rejected or out of limits. | |
| Dispatch List | An electronic list of manufacturing orders in priority sequence. | |
| Disposition | The manner in which an item or material is disposed of, such as rework, repair, or scrap. | |
| Disposition Instructions | Instructions on how an item or material is disposed of. | |
| DMR | Device Master Record | A collection of records that contains the procedures and design specifications to manufacture medical devices. This is an FDA requirement for Class III medical devices that is typically part of a PLM system since this is part of the design documentation. |
| DoD | Department of Defense | US federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions relating to national security and the armed forces. |
| DOE | Department of Energy | Cabinet-level department of the US government concerned with policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material. |
| DPMO | Defects per Million Opportunities | An accurate representation of the defects with respect to all of the opportunities within a sample. |
| DPPM | Defective Parts per Million | An accurate representation of the defects within a sample. |
| DQR | Delegated Quality Representative | A role that ensures product and process compliance is achieved throughout the manufacturing and final assembly process by utilizing inspection and system review techniques. |
| eBOM | Engineering Bill of Materials | A list of items that make up the physical product being engineered. |
| Effectivity | Defines how information from process planning is incorporated into a work order when it is created. Effectivity type is based on the work order start date, serial, lot, or end unit number. Effectivity on the process plan selects which plan revision to use for the work order; effectivity on the mBOM components, tools, or documents, selects them for the plan. For MRO, the part number on task groups is used to select which task groups and operations are available in the work order. | |
| Electronic Signature | Electronic sound, symbol, or process that is executed by an operator with the intent to validate a record. | |
| Engineering Change | An electronic document that records or authorizes a change to a design. | |
| Enhanced Work Instructions | Easy-to-follow instructions that reduce learning curves and errors. The instructions for simpler jobs can be as basic as text descriptions linked to illustrations and bookmarked drawings; instructions for more difficult jobs can include animated slideshows with incorporated marked-up drawings, 3D models, and videos. | |
| ERP | Enterprise Resource Planning | Integrates internal and external management information across an entire organization and facilities the flow of information amongst all business functions. |
| EQMS | Enterprise Quality Management System | An enterprise software category that automates many functions required for the QMS. It manages data and business processes for quality and compliance across manufacturing and the value chain. EQMS functions include facilitating the investigation of adverse quality issues and events like product non-conformances and the related corrective actions and risk mitigation management. |
| FAA | Federal Aviation Administration | National aviation authority of the US. It regulates and oversees all aspects of civil aviation. |
| FAI | First Article Inspection | The testing and inspecting of a pre-production sample from a vendor. FAI will determine if the product meets acceptance and quality control requirements. |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration | Agency of the US Department of Health and Human Sciences that is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of medical devices, among other segments. |
| FDA 21 CFR Part 11 | FDA criteria under which electronic records and electronic signatures are considered trustworthy, reliable, and equivalent to paper records. | |
| FGI | Finished Goods Inventory | Amount of manufactured product on hand that awaits the sale to customers. |
| Gantt Chart | Shows priorities, the master schedule, the revised schedule, and actual dates. | |
| GMP | Good Manufacturing Practices | Manufacturing and testing guidelines that medical device companies, among others, must follow. GMP guidelines safeguard the health of patients and ensure good quality medical devices are produced. |
| Histogram | Graphically displays the assigned load for each employee or team. | |
| ICA | Instructions for Continued Airworthiness | The set of processes by which an aircraft, engine, propeller, or part complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements and remains in a condition for safe operation throughout its operating life. |
| IIoT | Industrial Internet of Things | The Industrial IoT describes a network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet within an Industrial environment. |
| Information Kit | Technician’s resource that includes all of the necessary information to complete work orders online. | |
| Inspection Operation | All of the activities for an inspection of one or more characteristics with specific test equipment at a particular work center. | |
| Inspection Order | Each characteristic data collection that is to be performed. | |
| Inspection Oversight | Pre-established, dynamic rules for the quality inspection for different types of parts. The system tightens or relaxes oversight requirements as quality decreases or increases, respectively. | |
| Inspection Plan | Prescribe how to verify that each product is built or serviced to engineering specifications. | |
| Inspection Point | A record of inspection results assigned to a work or inspection operation. | |
| Inspection Requirement | Measurements and observations created internally or by an inspector that must be met during an inspection. Inspection requirements are part of work instructions and include data collection and certification requirements. | |
| Inspection Verification | Confirmation that inspectors recorded their results at specified inspection points. | |
| ISO | International Organization for Standardization | Network of national standards institutes. |
| ISO13485 | International Standards Organization 13485 | Requirements for a comprehensive QMS for the design and manufacture of medical devices. |
| ISO9000 | International Standards Organization 9000 | Family of standards for QMS. It is designed to help organizations meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders. |
| ISO9001 | International Standards Organization 9001 | Set of standards for QMS and management systems, in general. |
| ITAR | International Traffic in Arms Regulations | Set of US government regulations that control the import and export of defense-related articles and services. |
| Kubernetes | K8S | Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration system for automating software deployment, scaling, and management. |
| Lean | Production practice that considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer to be wasteful. | |
| Lean Manufacturing | Lean manufacturing initiatives design out the overburden, inconsistencies, and waste to achieve enhanced processes that deliver products smoothly and consistently. In contrast, Smart Manufacturing initiatives are bringing the physical and digital worlds together designing in connectivity and orchestration to achieve enhanced processes that deliver products and their data smoothly and consistently to customers. Going forward, both Lean and Smart Manufacturing will be interrelated improvement efforts in the manufacturing value chain. Reference resource: Eliminating the Eight Types of Disconnectivity in Smart Manufacturing |
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| Lien | Holds or virtual red tags on units with open discrepancies, rework, or incomplete work. | |
| Manufacturing Cell | Machines, often grouped in semicircles, that produce a given product. | |
| Material Information Flow | Delivery of materials and information required to bring a product to a customer. | |
| MBE | Model Based Enterprise | Model-based enterprise is a term used in manufacturing, to describe a strategy where an annotated digital three-dimensional model of a product serves as the authoritative information source for all activities in that product’s lifecycle. |
| mBOM | Manufacturing Bill of Materials | A list of items organized into sub-assemblies that represents the physical product, packaging, and included documentation. It contains all of the components required to build a product. |
| MCAD | Mechanical Computer-Aided Design | Software used to develop concepts and designs of mechanical systems. |
| MES | Manufacturing Execution System | Real-time control systems for monitoring and managing all the work-in-process on the shop floor. Track and document the transformation of raw materials through finished goods to ensure regulatory compliance and increase efficiency. MES standards, like ISA-95 and the MESA International MES model, provide consistent terminology, information, and operational models as a foundation for clarifying application functionality and how information is to be used for supplier and manufacturer system communications. Reference resource: What is MES? |
| MOM | Manufacturing Operations Management | Methodology for viewing an end-to-end manufacturing process in real-time to optimize efficiency. |
| MRO | Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul | MRO encompasses the execution of maintenance services required to keep a product in working condition and up to specifications during its service life in the hands of the end-user. Reference resource: Six Innovation Areas in MRO |
| Nonconformance | A departure from a quality characteristic that causes an associated product not to meet a specification requirement. | |
| Non-Routine Disposition | Discrepancies and deviations to the typical manner that an item or material is disposed of. | |
| Non-Routine Operation | (a.k.a non-routine task card) A task or activity that is unplanned. | |
| Non-Routine Process Handling | Ability to author in-plan work instructions on non-routine operations. | |
| Non-Routine Repair | Restoring discrepancies and deviations within accustomed maintenance tasks and inspections. | |
| Non-Routine Task Instructions | Specifications and requirements for a task or activity that is unplanned. Work instructions for routine and non-routine tasks have the same capabilities. | |
| Non-Routine Work | A task or activity that is unplanned. | |
| Non-Routine Work Instructions | Specifications and requirements for a task or activity that is unplanned. Work instructions for routine and non-routine tasks have the same capabilities. | |
| NRC | Nuclear Regulatory Commission | Independent agency of the US government that oversees nuclear safety and security. |
| NUPIC | Nuclear Procurement Issues Committee | A committee that evaluates suppliers’ quality standards within the nuclear industry. |
| OEM | Original Equipment Manufacturer | The company that originally manufactured the product. OEMs manufacture products that may be sold or marketed by another company. |
| Online Data Collection | Process of preparing and collecting data via the web. | |
| Online Work Instructions | Web-based instructions that reduce learning curves and errors. The instructions for simpler jobs can be as basic as text descriptions linked to illustrations and bookmarked drawings; instructions for more difficult jobs can include animated slideshows with incorporated marked-up drawings, 3D models, and videos. | |
| Operational Flow Diagram | A graphical representation of the general flow of plant processes and equipment. | |
| Paperless Publishing | A paper-free environment that synchronizes companies’ enterprise data in real-time. | |
| PCA | Packaged Composite Application | Manages events in real-time across the ERP and MES applications, consolidating information and eliminating the extra steps users perform when switching back and forth among multiple applications. |
| PDM | Product Data Management | Often within PLM, it is responsible for the creation, management, and publication of product data. |
| Planned Operation | A task or job prepared for in advance. | |
| Planned Service Procedures | A repair task or job prepared for in advance. | |
| PLM | Product Lifecycle Management | The process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to service and disposal. |
| PMI | Product Manufacturing Information | PMI is any non-geometric data included within a 3D CAD file. PMI helps extend the digital thread past production all the way through inspection and to sustainment activities. |
| PPV | Production Process Verification | AS9100 rev D process that includes First Article Inspection. |
| Preventive Action | A change that is implemented to address a weakness that is not yet responsible for causing a nonconforming event. | |
| Process Configuration | Activities that must be performed for the installation of software packages on a system. | |
| Process Control | A system that measures, controls, and regulates manufacturing processes. | |
| Process Execution | Provides visibility to the shop floor in real-time and gives users control of each operational step. | |
| Process Management | The collection of activities that plan and monitor the performance of a process. | |
| Process Planning | Element in project management that selects resources for use in the execution and completion of a project. | |
| Process Qualification | A process that evaluates the adequacy of the product design and determines if the product can be manufactured at the projected cost and quality. | |
| Process Quality | System for the documentation, tracking, and disposition of discrepancies, and for the management of corrective actions. It also tracks and analyzes continuous process improvement. | |
| Product Configuration | A tool to simplify order entry, routing, and BOM design based on features and options selected by a customer. | |
| Product Genealogy | Collection and storage of data that includes all of the materials, components, and subassemblies used for each unit. | |
| Product Qualification | An evaluation that examines the adequacy of a product and determines if it can be manufactured at the projected cost and quality. | |
| Production Control Information Board | Display that shows all pertinent information for smooth production and makes the most efficient use of production cycles. | |
| Production Control | System to create a quality product in accordance with the specifications determined by monitoring the shop floor. | |
| Production Flow | The manufacturing of a predetermined number of products through a standardized process. | |
| Production Lot | Production quantity of an assembly that is produced together and referenceable by number. | |
| Production Unit | Assembled materials or items in the production cycle. | |
| Project Plan | A statement of how and when a project’s objectives are to be achieved. | |
| QA | Quality Assurance | The systematic monitoring and evaluation of a service or facility to ensure that quality standards are met. |
| QCS | Quality Control System | A system, application, or set of processes that reviews the quality of all factors involved in production. |
| QMS | Quality Management System | A formal system, application, or set of processes that documents processes, procedures, and responsibilities to achieving quality policies and objectives that are in conformance with industry-specific quality standards. Examples include ISO9001, AS9100, ISO13485, and FDA Title 21 CFR Part 820. A QMS helps coordinate and direct an organization’s activities to meet customer and regulatory requirements and improve its effectiveness and efficiency on a continuous basis. |
| Quality Hold | Prevents any further work from being done on an inspection order. | |
| Quality Metrics | Data measurements that track the performance of production with a spotlight on quality. | |
| Receiving Inspection | An initial review of a delivered product. | |
| Red-Decal Hold | An issue that cannot be resolved at a supplier’s site. | |
| Regulatory Compliance | The efforts to ensure that users and companies are aware of and take steps to comply with laws and regulations. | |
| Rework | A process to complete or retrofit scrapped or shelved units. | |
| Root Cause | A fundamental deficiency that results in a nonconformance and must be corrected to prevent recurrence of the same or similar nonconformances. | |
| Root-Cause Analysis/Investigation | A problem-solving method to identify the cause or source of a problem. The analysis aims to eliminate the root cause, instead of only addressing the symptoms. | |
| Root-Cause Corrective Action | A structured approach aimed at identifying the initial cause of a problem and steps to eliminate the problem from recurring. | |
| Salvage | The removal or recycling of components or subassemblies from scrapped units. | |
| Sampling Rule | Predetermined rules based on a suppliers’ part history. | |
| Scrap | Units or materials left over from production. | |
| Servitization | Servitization refers to industrial manufacturers that use their products to sell “outcome as a service” rather than a traditional sale of a single product. | |
| Shelve | A product that is not completed temporarily or permanently. | |
| Six Sigma | Seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing variability. | |
| Smart Manufacturing | The intelligent, real-time orchestration and optimization of business, physical and digital processes within factories and across the entire value chain. Resources and processes are automated, integrated, monitored, and continuously evaluated based on all available information as close to real-time as possible. Reference resource: What is Smart Manufacturing Reference resource: The Inevitability of Smart Manufacturing |
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| Source Inspection | An initial inspection that is typically initiated by the customer. | |
| SPC | Statistical Process Control | The process of monitoring production quality and process performance through the use of statistical methods. |
| SQMS | Supplier Quality Management System | A systematic and dynamic approach to managing quality with suppliers. |
| Squawk | A discrepancy. | |
| Standard Text | A frequently used, standard operating procedure that is independent of an order. | |
| Supply Chain | A sequence of operations through which supplies move from the supplier source to the customer. | |
| Test Operation | Confirmation that inspectors measured the quality, performance, and reliability at specified inspection points. | |
| Third-Party Contract Inspection | An inspector or company besides the manufacturer or supplier that reviews source inspection data. | |
| Tooling Management | Management of tools and gages that require periodic service and calibration. | |
| Unit History | All collected data on a unit. | |
| Unit History Record | A specific data measurement for a unit. | |
| Unplanned Operation | A task or job not prepared for in advance. | |
| Value Stream | Lean manufacturing technique used to analyze and design the flow of materials and information required to bring a product to a customer. | |
| Vendor-Specific Integration Packages | Specific system integrations available for PDM, ERP, and labor reporting solutions. | |
| Verification Point | Confirms that a particular action or job has taken place or verifies the state of a unit. | |
| Web Portal | Point of access to online information. | |
| WIP | Work in Process | Unfinished items for products in the production process. |
| Work Order | An order that specifies a task to perform on the shop floor. | |
| Work Plan | An outline of all of the tasks that need to be completed to finish a project. A work plan also includes user assignments. |
